GenCon invades Indianapolis every year with 70,000 people who crowd into the convention center, the football stadium, and into five hotels because of one reason:  They all love games.  Not things like Monopoly or chess, but super-complicated European boardgames, role-playing games, strategy games, deck-building games, and so on.  Over the four days of the convention, there are over 1500 different events ranging from tournaments, film festivals (about games), dances, concerts, auctions, costume parties, virtual reality dungeon crawls, and lots of long lines. 
 
It was my first time, and it's a people watching spectacle.  I had tons of questions for people, such as 1) Why do you come here for 4 days and only play one game over and over, 2) Why did you get married here? and 3) Why are you dressed up like a hawk?  I realized that when I asked these "Why?" questions, people would often give me short, unthinking answers.  
 
My big breakthrough was when I asked the same questions without using "why":  1) What is it about this game that makes it so addictive, 2) When was it you decided to get married here? or 3) What were some other costumes you were thinking about, and how did you narrow your costume down to a hawk?  At this point people really opened up, and our conversations were a lot more interesting and fun.
 
One Take-away: Rephrase Why questions into What or When questions. 

​Why:  I don’t know, but it seems to work
​

​The Global Leadership Summit is held in Chicago about the same time as GenCon every summer.  But it's also  simulcast to 400 locations and over 405,000 people.  You also don’t have to dress up like a hawk to go there.  For two days you hear great business speakers.  (You can download the notes from the speakers below at the link at the bottom).
 
One speaker was a hostage negotiator with the FBI for many years, and he had tons of great insights:
 
●  Mirroring - Repeat the last words that they just said. It lets them know you are listening. With upper inflection, it is an invitation to expand on what they just said. 
●  "You’re right" is what we say to people who we have to maintain relationship with and you just want to shut up.  It's better to say "That's right."  It's what husbands always say.
●  Effective pauses - give people the chance to talk. 2/3 people are not comfortable with silence. 
●  Don't say "I understand." That's what people say when they want you to be quiet so they can talk. 
 
But one thing he said really caught my still sensitive GenCon ear.  He said, “People get threatened and defensive when they hear the word ‘Why?’  It reminds them of having to explain why they did something wrong as a child, or it reminds them of when they have had to justify a less-than-intelligent decision as an adult.”

Instead he said that using other words – like when, what, or how – causes a person to think more and to think more collaboratively:
         
         • What happened that led you so see things that way?
         • Where have you seen this before?
         • How are we going to [go to Disneyland if your grades don’t improve]?
 
This whole cast of speakers was great.  The conference sent around bullet points from all of the speakers, and you can download them below.  Definitely worth downloading and either reading now or copying over to your notes app to read later.  No Darth Vader costume required.
 
One Take-away: Rephrase Why questions into What or When questions. 
Why:  It makes people less defensive and more collaborative
 

When you ask people what they’re most proud of, people usually mention about the same types of things:  their kids, a career accomplishment, or how they lived their life.   
 
But it’s an unfair question that totally catches people off guard and they usually blurt out the first thing that comes to mind.  It’s like when you see somebody blindsided on a talk show by being asked, “What’s the funniest, most hilarious thing that ever happened to you?” or “What’s the most amazing, incredible, phenomenal  experience you’ve ever had?”  You’re just not going to get the real answer with 1.2 seconds of thought.   But what’s interesting is when people voluntarily say what they’re proud of or what their most amazing, incredible, phenomenal  experience was.  When they volunteer this out of the blue, it means they’ve given it a lot of thought.
 
There’s an famous man at the University of Chicago and who’s a legend in academia in the area of how people make decisions.   Let’s call him Adam.  We became friends and during a late dinner Chicago a couple years ago, our conversation turned to parents. Although Adam’s parents had passed away long ago, he said – out of the blue –  “What I’m most proud of in all my life, is how I was there for my parents in their later years.”  

What?  That’s what he’s most proud of?  I don’t even know what that means.

Here’s a guy who’s published libraries of stuff, whose work has changed at least one industry, who has two successful kids, and what he’s most proud of is “how I was there for my parents in their later years”? This wasn’t a “tell me the funniest thing that ever happened to you” kind of answer.  He had clearly thought about this a lot.  

Taking care of aging parents is particularly very emotionally hard.  It’s good if you can see it as a blessing, but even a saint can’t see it as a blessing day after day while they are trying to juggle the rest of their life.  Having both a wife and brother who do this daily, I can see the grinding burden it can have even on very strong people.

What’s interesting about Adam’s perspective is that it is very forward looking.  It says “Regardless of how I feel today, how will I look back on this moment in the future?” If the answer is “With great pride in how I handled it,” that’s powerful to keep in mind.  It even goes beyond “no regrets” thinking.

Right now it’s 4:08 AM, and for the next week, I’m sleeping here on the couch in my 92-year old Dad’s room in the retirement home (or trying to).  Although I’d rather be staying and eating with my brother, I think it means more to my Dad that I’m staying here.  

If someone asked you today what you’re most proud of, what’s a nonobvious answer you might answer?  
​
It's useful to also think about how this looks down the road.  If you think about what going to do today, or this month or this year, what will you be most proud of having done in five years?  It’s a great set of farsighted glasses to try on.

I retire from Cornell tomorrow, two days after I turned 59.  My Mom and Dad both retired from their union jobs within days of their birthdays, and I never remember them saying much about their jobs after they retired.  Someone else took my Dad’s place on the production line and someone else took my Mom’s place filing papers.
 
But academia is different. It’s one profession you never really have to retire from.   A lot of us have a lot to say, and we’re passionate about saying it even when we’re officially through with our job.  Many academics imagine themselves retiring in their early 70s, and then transitioning to half-time until they eventually pad-lock our office door shut so we can't get back in.
 
Even retirement parties are somewhat pro forma.  If you feel you have a calling, you don’t feel any different the next day other than you’re no longer being paid.  I just had my retirement party last month and it seemed like a birthday party, except that people gave speeches and gave me a nice, cherry wood captain’s chair with the Cornell logo on the front and a personalized little metal plaque on the back of it.
 
In 30 years of academia, I only once went to a retirement party that didn’t seem like a birthday party. It ended up having a striking effect on me.  It was about 15 years ago and I was asked to be one of two faculty speakers at the annual Spring meeting of the university’s Business Advisory Committee. 

What excited me the most was the other faculty speaker. He was one of the most notable economists at the University. He occupied a rare niche at the intersection of economics, real estate, finance, and law. He was widely published, widely influential, and people—even his economist colleagues—often spoke of him in awe. He had won numerous awards and the rumor was that he was one of the most highly paid faculty in the entire business school. This year was his retirement year, and his speech would perhaps be his ―Last Waltz in front of a group like this. Both of our talks went well, and we got to know each other throughout the day and at the closing reception. 

On the rainy long ride home, we sat next to each other in the back of the plush chartered bus. I asked him which of his many accomplishments he most proud of, and which had the most impact. At one point, however, I asked a question that was not met with the same warmth and candor. I asked, ―In light of all of the remarkable things you’ve accomplished so far in your career, what’s your biggest professional regret? Silence. Then he eventually said, I don’t have any regrets. If I had to do it again, I would do everything pretty much the same way After another seemingly long pause he said something like this:

“Well, maybe I have one regret. My work lies at the intersection of four areas – economics, finance, real estate, and law. I have a very complete picture of how these interact and how they influence everything from real estate prices in ghettos to land speculation prices in the middle of nowhere. The problem is that I’m the only one who sees the big picture. My papers are published in econ journals and finance journals, while others are published in real estate journals and law reviews. Nobody else sees the big picture because they only read one type of journal.”

I said, “Would it be easier for people to see the big picture if you were to write a book that pulled all of this together? That way, everything would be in one place and you could connect all the dots.”  He chuckled and immediately dismissed this, “I don’t know about marketing, but in economics they don’t reward books.”  After 45 years of research, here was a person who was retiring with one needless regret. This was unfinished business that he would now have the chance to finish, but he was still letting a now irrelevant barriers get in the way. 

The unwritten book can be a useful metaphor for us who are feeling that our routine is getting too predictable, who are feeling restless, or who find themselves retiring. 

Most people have at least one metaphorical book that would take our ideas or interests to a new level of expression. It doesn’t need to be writing a book.  It might be starting a website and blog or teaching an adult ed course we’ve wanted to teach.  It might be mastering a musical instrument and joining a band, starting a photo travelogue, moving to that lake house you always dreamed of, or starting an online business. 

What’s interesting is that most of these “unwritten books” probably wouldn’t have to wait until you retired.   They were something that could have been started much earlier if we would have removed our make believe barriers. 

Time to start the next chapter.